CV

Please contact me at MHoward@SouthAlabama.edu for a current version of my CV which, in addition to the information below, includes articles under review, articles in progress, presentations, teaching experiences, reviewer appointments, professional experiences, grants, professional honors, and professional
societies.

Contact:
5811 USA Drive South, Mobile, AL 36688
MHoward@SouthAlabama.edu | https://mattchoward.com/

Academic Work Experience:

Professor
Mitchell College of Business
University of South Alabama
August 2025 – Present

Interim Chair for the Department of Marketing, Supply Chain Management, and Analytics
Mitchell College of Business
University of South Alabama
August 2024 – Present

Associate Professor
Mitchell College of Business
University of South Alabama
August 2022 – Present

Assistant Professor
Mitchell College of Business
University of South Alabama
May 2016 – August 2022

Global Scholar
Mitchell College of Business
University of South Alabama
January 2016 – May 2016

Lecturer
Department of Psychology
Pennsylvania State University
January 2016 – May 2016

Education:
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Ph.D. in Industrial/Organizational Psychology, December 2015
Dissertation Title: “Science fiction meets scientific inquiry: A meta-analysis of VR applications for training contexts”
Minor: Statistics and Methodology

Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
M.S. in Industrial/Organizational Psychology, May 2013
Thesis Title: “What makes a king out of a slave? Courage! The creation of a
social courage measure and implications for its use in organizations”

Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
B.S. in Psychology, May 2011
B.A. in English – Creative Writing & Literature, May 2011
Minor: Leadership and Social Change

Publications:

Click on the article to open a PDF version.

104.) Goretzko, D., Howard, M. C. & Sterner, P. (2025).  Investigating measurement invariance for multiple covariance in organizational research using EFA and CFA trees.  Journal of Applied Psychology. 

103.) Howard, M C. (2025). Operationalizing home with Basic Psychological Need Theory: Creation of the Need-Based Home Scale.  Journal of Housing Research.

102.) Merkle, A. & Howard, M. C. (2025). Augmented reality sickness and task-technology fit: Implications for augmented reality advertising research. International Journal of Technology Marketing.

101.) Howard, M. C. & Siefert, B. (2025). A meta-analysis of burnout and suicidal ideation among medical professionals: Insights on occupational vulnerabilities. Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health.

100.) Howard, M. C. (2025).  Adding breadth and nuance to the study of recycling perceptions: Development the multidimensional Negative Perceptions of Recycling Scale.  Environment & Behavior. 

99.) Howard, M. C. (2025). Understanding the relations of social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, and vaccination outcomes: Applying a multidimensional conceptualization of vaccine hesitancy.  Journal of Public Health.

98.) Howard, M. C. (2025). What is home? Creating a psychological-based framework of home with basic psychological needs theory. Psychological Reports.

97.) Howard, M. C. (2025). Vaccine hesitancy relates to vaccine hesitancy? Discovering nonlinear relations between differing operationalizations of vaccine hesitancy. Public Health.

96.) Howard, M. C. & Murry, A. (2025).  Is vital exhaustion distinct? A meta-analytic investigation on the immediate nomological network of vital exhaustion.  Journal of Health Psychology. 

95.) Islam, M., Hair, J., Murshed, F., Howard, M., Gillis, W., & Istiak, K. (2025). Luxury brand counterfeiting: The role of enforcement activism and brand passion. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice.

94.) Howard, M. C., Boudreaux, M., Cogswell, J.*, Manix, K.*, & Oglesby, M.* (2025).  A literature review of model fit and model comparisons with confirmatory factor analysis: formalizing the informal in organizational science.  Applied Psychology: An International Review. 
* Indicates authors contributed equally.

93.) Howard, M.C., Alipour, K., & Gutworth, M. (2025). Operationalizing a More Comprehensive Conceptualization of Polychronicity: A Consideration of Single-Tasking, Task-Switching, and Dual-Tasking. Personality and Individual Differences.

92.) Davis, M. & Howard, M.C. (2024).  Understanding narcissism in the workplace: The dual impact of self-efficacy and political skill on attitudes and performance.  Journal of Organizational Psychology, 24(4). 

91.) Serviss, E., Manix, K., Oglesby, M., Howard, M.C., & Gleim, M. (2024). Ethical leadership in a remote working context: Implications for salesperson well-being and performance. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management.

90.) Howard, M.C. & Brown, M. (2024).  Investigating potential interactive effects between limbal rings and facial attractiveness.  Evolutionary Psychological Science

89.) Howard, M. C. (2024).  Vaccine hesitancy as indecision: Creation and evaluation of the Unidimensional Vaccine Hesitancy Scale. British Journal of Health Psychology.

88.) Howard, M. C., Boudreaux, M.., & Oglesby, M. (2024).  Can Harman’s Single-Factor Test reliably distinguish between research designs?  Not in published management studies.  European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology.

87.) Howard, M. C. & O’Sullivan, R. (2024). A systematic review of exploratory factor analysis in marketing: Providing recommended guidelines and evaluating current practices. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice.

86.) Howard, M. C. & Kasprzyk, M. (2024).  Integrating modern research on social courage via psychological contract theory: Direct and interactive effects of work engagement and moral disengagement.  Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance.

85.) Howard, M. C. (2024). The importance of context-relevance: Entrepreneurial personality relates to entrepreneurial outcomes beyond the HEXACO and Dark Triad.  The Journal of Psychology.

84.) Howard, M. C. (2024). Why do limbal rings cause faces to appear healthier and more attractive? Resolving theoretical and methodological tensions in current research on perceptions of faces with(out) limbal rings. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences.

83.) Howard, M. C. (2023). Gender and vaccination: Understanding the multifaceted role of a multidimensional conceptualization of vaccine hesitancy.  Psychology, Health & Medicine

82.) Stults-Kolehmainen, M., Bond, D., Richardson, L., Herring, L, Mulone, B, Garber, C., Morton, J., Ghiassi, S., Duffy, A., Balk, E., Abolt, C., Howard, M. C., Ash, G., Williamson, S., Marcon, E., De Los Santos, M., Bond, S., Huehls, J., Alowaish, O., Heyman, N., & Gualano, B. (2023). Role of the exercise professional in metabolic and bariatric surgery. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases.

81.) Howard, M. C. (2023). Reinvestigating the Perceptions of Annual Skin Cancer Screening Scale (PASCSS): A suitable measure for older adults. European Journal of Cancer Prevention.

80.) Howard, M. C. & Davis, M. (2023).  A meta-analysis of augmented reality programs for education and training.  Virtual Reality. 

79.) Howard, M. C. (2023).  Relations of behavioral inhibition and activation system sensitivities with vaccination outcomes: Investigating the mediating role of vaccine hesitancy in older adults.  Journal of Health Psychology.

78.) Howard, M. C. (2023). Integrating the person-centered approach with the study of vaccine hesitancy: Applying latent profile analysis to identify vaccine hesitancy subpopulations and assess their relations with correlates and vaccination outcomes. Vaccine, 41(33), 4823-4835.

77.) Howard, M. C. (2023). Creation of the entrepreneurial personality scale: Removing conceptual and empirical barriers from the study of personality and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing Insights.

76.) Howard, M. C. (2023). A systematic literature review of exploratory factor analyses in management. Journal of Business Research, 164, 113969.

75.) Gutworth, M., Howard, M. C., Simonet, D. (2023). Mandated but willing? Preferences and expectations among mandatory work from home employees. Human Resource Management Journal.

74.) Howard, M. C. (2023). Relation of personal characteristics with human papillomavirus vaccination outcomes: Assessing the mediating role of vaccine hesitancy dimensions. International Journal of Sexual Health, 35(1), 167-180.

73.) Howard, M. C. (2023).  Investigating the relation of political orientation and vaccination outcomes: Identifying the roles of political ideology, party affiliation, and vaccine hesitancy.  Psychological Reports.

72.) Howard, M. C. & Cogswell, J. (2023).  A meta-analysis of polychronicity: Applying modern perspectives of multitasking and person-environment fit.  Organizational Psychology Review, 13(3), 315-347.

71.) Howard, M. C. & Henderson, J. (2023). A review of exploratory factor analysis in tourism and hospitality research: Identifying current practices and avenues for improvement. Journal of Business Research, 154, 113328.

70.) Howard, M. C. & Hair, J. (2023). Integrating the expanded task-technology fit theory and the technology acceptance model: A multi-wave empirical analysis. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction, 15(1), 83-110.

69.) Howard, M. C. (2022). Big five, dark triad, and face masks: The role of personality in reducing the spread of COVID-19. Journal of Individual Differences, 44(2), 124-133.

68.) Howard, M. C. & Manix, K. (2022). Assessing the shared facets of honesty-humility and Machiavellianism: Implications for a common conceptual core. Journal of Individual Differences, 44(2), 124-133.

67.) Howard, M. C. & Smith, M. (2023).  Employee regret and disappointment: Creation of a scale and foundational application of the approach/avoidance framework.  Applied Psychology, 72(2), 419-450.

66.) Howard, M. C. (2022).  Why people fail to participate in annual skin cancer screening: Creation of the perceptions of annual skin cancer screening scale (PASCSS).  Diagnosis, 10(2), 164-174. 

65.) Johnson, T., Mauldin, S., Howard, M. C., & Hardin, J. (2022).  Options for meeting the 150-hour requirement to maximize students’ demand as public accounting recruits: Have things changed?  The Accounting Educators’ Journal, 32, 161-188.

64.) Howard, M. C. & Davis, M. (2022).  The mediating role of vaccine hesitancy in the relations of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and vaccination outcomes: Which dimensions matter? Journal of Health Psychology, 28(3), 241-250.

63.) Holmes, P. & Howard, M. C. (2022). The duplicitous effect of organizational identification: Applying social identity theory to identify joint relations with workplace social courage and unethical pro-organizational behaviors. Journal of Positive Psychology, 18(5), 784-797.

62.) Howard, M. C., Forde, W., Whitmore, J., Lambert, E. (2022). “I alone can fix it”: Is social courage a bright side of narcissism? Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 9(4), 692-723.

61.) Howard, M. C. (2022). Integrating the approach/avoidance framework with multidimensional persistence: Identifying novel mediating effects and outcomes. Personality and Individual Differences, 191, 111573.

60.) Howard, M. C. & Davis, M. (2022). A meta-analysis and systematic literature review of mixed reality rehabilitation programs: Investigating design characteristics of augmented reality and augmented virtuality. Computers in Human Behavior, 130, 107197.

59.) Howard, M. C. (2022). The good, the bad, and the neutral: Vaccine hesitancy mediates the relations of psychological capital, the Dark Triad, and the Big Five with vaccination willingness and behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 190, 111523.

58.) Howard, M.C., Follmer, K.B., Smith, M.B., Tucker, R.P., & Van Zandt, E.C. (2022).  Work and suicide: An interdisciplinary systematic literature review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 43(2), 260-285.

57.) Howard, M.C. (2022). The relations between age, face mask perceptions and face mask wearing.  Journal of Public Health, 44(2), 447-449.

56.) Howard, M. C. & Boudreaux, M. (2022).  A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of entrepreneurial personality.  Entrepreneurship Research Journal.

55.) Howard, M. C. & Serviss, E. (2022). The antecedents and outcomes of corporate volunteering: An employee- and organizational-level meta-analysis. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 37(2), 93-110.

54.) Howard, M. C. (2022).  Are face masks a partisan issue during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Differentiating political ideology and political party affiliation.  International Journal of Psychology, 57(1), 153-160.

53.) Howard, M.C. (2022).  A more comprehensive measure of vaccine hesitancy: Creation of the Multidimensional Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (MVHS). Journal of Health Psychology, 27(10), 2402-2419.

52.) Howard, M.C. & Floyd, A. (2021).  Reassessing passion and perseverance as dimensions of individual entrepreneurial orientation: A conceptual and empirical investigation into theory and measurement. Entrepreneurship Research Journal.

51.) Howard, M.C., Gutworth, M.G., & Jacobs, R.R. (2021).  A meta-analysis of virtual reality training programs.  Computers in Human Behavior, 121, 106808.

50.) Howard, M. C. & Van Zandt, E. (2021).  A meta-analysis of the virtual reality problem: Unequal effects of virtual reality sickness across individual differences.  Virtual Reality, 25, 1221-1246.

49.) Howard, M.C. (2021).  Identifying social courage antecedents and mediating effects: Applying the HEXACO and approach/avoidance frameworks.  Personality and Individual Differences, 173, 110637.

48.) Howard, M. C. (2021).  Gender, face mask perceptions, and face mask wearing: Are men being dangerous during the COVID-19 pandemic?  Personality and Individual Differences, 170, 110417.

47.) Howard, M. C. (2021).  Who wants to reopen the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic? The daring and uncaring.  Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110335.

46.) Howard, M. C. & Van Zandt, E. (2020).  The discriminant validity of honesty-humility: A meta-analysis of the HEXACO, Big Five, and Dark Triad.  Journal of Research in Personality, 87, 103982.

45.) Howard, M. C. (2020).  Understanding face mask use to prevent coronavirus and other illnesses: Development of a multidimensional face mask perceptions scale.  British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(4), 912-924.

44.) Howard, M. C. (2020).  Using the HEXACO-100 to Measure Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation: Introducing the HEXACO-IEO.  Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 13, 00163.

43.) Howard, M.C., Cogswell, J., & Smith, M. (2020).  The Antecedents and Outcomes of Workplace Ostracism: A Meta-Analysis.  Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(6), 577-596.

42.)  Sarstedt, M., Hair, J., Nitzl, C., Ringle, C., & Howard, M.C. (2020).  Beyond a Tandem Analysis of SEM and PROCESS: Use PLS-SEM for Mediation Analyses!  International Journal of Market Research, 62(3), 288-299.

41.) Howard, M. C. & Fox, F. (2020).  Does gender have a significant relationship with social courage? Test of dual sequentially mediated pathways.  Personality and Individual Differences, 159, 109904.

40.) Howard, M. C. & Reiley, P. (2020).  Physical courage predicts relevant outcomes in associated contexts: The creation of a measure and empirical analysis into the construct.  Journal of Business Research, 110, 80-94.

39.) Hair, J., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020).  Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM: Using confirmatory composite analysis.  Journal of Business Research, 109, 101-110.

38.) Howard, M. C. & Holmes, P. (2020).  Social courage fosters both voice and silence in the workplace: A study on multidimensional voice and silence with boundary conditions.  Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 7(1), 53-73.

37.) Howard, M.C. & Murry, A. (2020).  Does the Courage Measure (CM) Measure Persistence Despite Fear? Testing, Psychometrics, and Methodology in Applied Psychology, 27, 281-277.

38.) Howard, M. C. & Gutworth, M. G. (2020).  A meta-analysis of virtual reality training programs for social skill development.  Computers & Education, 144, 1-19.

35.) Howard, M. C. & Lee, J. (2019).  Pre-training interventions to counteract seductive details in virtual reality training programs.  Human Resource Development Quarterly, 31(1), 13-29.

34.) Howard, M.C. (2019).  The effect of training self-efficacy on computer-based training outcomes: Empirical analysis of the construct and creation of two scales.  Performance Improvement Quarterly, 32(4), 331-368.

33.) Gutworth, M.G. & Howard, M.C. (2019).  Improving sexual harassment training effectiveness with climate interventions.  Industrial/Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice, 12(1), 68-72.

32.) Howard, M.C. & Rose, J. (2019).  Refining and extending task-technology fit theory: Creation of two task-technology fit scales and empirical clarification of the construct.  Information & Management, 56(6), 103-134.

31.) Howard, M.C. & Crayne, M. P. (2019).  Persistence: Defining the Multidimensional Construct and Creating a Measure.  Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 77-89.

30.) Howard, M.C. (2019).  Applying the approach/avoidance framework to understand the relationships between social courage, workplace outcomes, and well-being outcomes.  Journal of Positive Psychology, 14(6), 734-748.

29.) Howard, M. C. (2019).  Virtual reality interventions for personal development: A meta-analysis of hardware and software.  Human-Computer Interaction, 34(3), 205-239

28.) Howard, M. C. (2019).  The measurement, nomological net, and theory of perceived self-esteem instability: Applying the conservation of resources theory to understand the construct.  Psychological Reports, 122(3), 1007-1042.

27.) Howard, M. C. & Cogswell, J. (2019).  The Left Side of Courage: Three Exploratory Studies on the Antecedents of Social Courage.  The Journal of Positive Psychology., 14(3), 324-340.

26.) Howard, M.C. (2018).  Task performance influences general self-efficacy, even without increases in the skills required to achieve success.  The Journal of Social Psychology, 159(5), 642-647.

25.) Howard, M.C. (2018). A meta-reanalysis of dream-ESP studies: Comment on Storm et al. (2017). International Journal of Dream Research, 11(2), 224-229.

24.) Howard, M.C. & Cogswell, J. (2018).  The “other” relationships of self-assessed intelligence: A meta-analysis.  Journal of Research in Personality, 77, 31-46.

23.) Howard, M. C. (2018).  Scale Pretesting.  Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 23, 1-14.

22.) Howard, M. C. (2018).  The Convergent Validity and Nomological Net of Two Methods to Measure Retroactive Influences.  Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 5(3), 324-337.

21.)  Howard, M. C. & Hoffman, M. (2018).  Variable-Centered, Person-Centered, and Person-Specific Approaches: Where Theory Meets the Method.  Organizational Research Methods, 21(4), 846-876.

20.) Howard, M. C. & Krannitz, M. A. (2017).  A Reanalysis of Occupation and Suicide: Negative Perceptions of the Workplace Linked to Suicide Attempts.  The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 151(8), 767-788.

19.) Howard, M. C., Travers, S., Marshall, C., & Cogswell, J. (2017). I-O Psychology and Technology: Why Reinvent the Wheel? Industrial/Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice, 10(4), 659-668.

18.)  Howard, M. C. (2017).  The empirical distinction of core self-evaluations and psychological capital and the identification of negative core self-evaluations and negative psychological capital.  Personality and Individual Differences, 114, 108-118.

17.)  Howard, M. C. (2017) Investigating the simulation elements of environment and control: Extending the Uncanny Valley Theory to simulations. Computers & Education, 109, 216-232.

16.)  Howard, M. C. (2017).  Let’s keep looking for other roads: Improving approaches to identifying and addressing key drivers.  Industrial/Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice, 10(2), 258-264.

15.) Howard, M. C. (2017). A meta-analysis and systematic literature review of virtual reality rehabilitation programs. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 317-327.

14.)  Howard, M. C. (2017). Measuring self-esteem instability through a single- administration scale: Still a fruitless endeavor?. Personality and Individual Differences, 104, 522-532.

13.)  Howard, M. C., Farr, J. L., Grandey, A. A., & Gutworth, M. B. (2017).  The creation of the workplace social courage scale (WSCS): An investigation of internal consistency, psychometric properties, validity, and utility.  Journal of Business and Psychology, 32(6), 673-690.

12.)  Howard, M. C. & Jacobs, R. R. (2016).  The multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) and the sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART): Two novel evaluation methods for developing optimal training programs.  Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(8), 1246-1270.

11.) Howard, M. C. (2016).  The relationship between the number of raters and the validity of performance ratings.  Industrial/Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice, 9(2), 361-367.

10.)  Howard, M. C. (2016).  A Review of Exploratory Factor Analysis Decisions and Overview of Current Practices:  What We Are Doing and How Can We Improve?  International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 32(1), 51-62.

9.) Howard, M. C. & Melloy, R. C. (2016). Evaluating item-sort task methods: The presentation of a new statistical significance formula and methodological best practices. The Journal of Business and Psychology, 31(1), 173-186.

8.) Lydon, D. M., Howard, M. C., Wilson, S. J., & Geier, C. F. (2015). The perceived causal structures of cigarette addiction among late adolescent smokers and non-smokers. The Journal of Health Psychology, 21(9), 2042-2051.

7.) Howard, M. C. & Jayne, B. S. (2015). An analysis of over 1,400 articles, 900 scales, and 17 years of research: The state of scales in CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(3), 181-187.

6.) Hanley, K. E., Howard, M. C., Zhong, B., Soto, J. A., Perez, C. R., Lee, E. A., Dawson-Andoh, N. A., & Minnick, M. R. (2015). The Communication Anxiety Regulation Scale: Development and initial validation. Communication Quarterly, 63(1), 23-43.

5.) Howard, M. C. & Alipour, K. A. (2014). Does the Courage Measure really measure courage? A theoretical and empirical evaluation. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(5), 449-459.

4.) Howard, M. C. (2014). Creation of a computer self-efficacy measure: Analysis of internal consistency, psychometric properties, and validity. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(10), 429-433.

3.) Howard, M. C. (2014). An epidemiological assessment of online groups and a test of a typology: What are the (dis)similarities of the online group types? Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 123-133.

2.) Howard, M. C. & Magee, S. M. (2013). To boldly go where no group has gone before: An analysis of online group identity and validation of a measure. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5), 2058-2071.

1.) Howard, M. C. (2013). Putting the cart before the horse: Subgroup differences in childhood and employment discrimination. Industrial/Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice, 6(4), 429-433.